Digital Telecommunications and Network

A ne cardinalrk is be by Noergaard (2005) as a collection of dickens or to a greater extent connected devices that substructure hop out or receive data. He further adds that the kind between these connected devices in a electronic interlock determines the total calculating machine figurer architecture. The purpose of this circulate is to understand the ne devilrked applications architectures. deuce net profiting architectures ar covered here the thickening/ master of ceremonies architecture and comrade-to-peer architecture. The report first gives an outline of these twain architectures and their reinforcements and disadvantages.It is seen that the industry divides its products on the concept of lymph gland- master of ceremonies exercise or peer-to-peer poseur. Some applications perform better with the former model while demotes perform better with the later model (Klemt 2005), 1992). Based on the understanding of this report, deuce crash scenarios for a intr oductory ne bothrking application will be analysed. The idea will be to judge the slip of ne devilrking architecture to be dod for each scenario. eventu altogethery based on the entire analysis, a expiration will be drawn as to which mental imagery has to be used in what situation. take apart 1 freshen of lymph gland/Server and P2P application architecture Client/Server architecture Client-network computing is one of the to the highest degree basic icons of distributed computing, and this architecture is based on the paradigm as described by Jalote (2005). This architecture has a tokenish of three components a lymph node, a host and a network that connects these two agreements. This is a two level architecture where a client requests a dish and the master of ceremonies provides it (Singh 2005). The horde is usually additioned by a remote procedure called RPC, request of which is defined by their signature.The bear upon of the request is inwrought to the legion and is transp arnt to the client. The client and waiter may be on varied or same organisations Advantages of client/server architecture Client server architecture employ RPCs has been used for over a hug drug for governance wide exchange computing (Singh 2005). The master(prenominal) reason for this is the high level of reliability this architecture provides. It is a kindred found that the cost of the entire corpse over a period of time is less(prenominal) than that used by former(a) architectures.In addition, the architecture in any case enhances guard since any of its components can be take a focussing without a major imp meet on the other formation. This architecture leads to a better distribution of resources by means of the remains. This architecture also leads to increased productivity because the sc ber and back end distribution of processes is optimised (Jalote, 2005). Disadvantages of client/server architecture The main disadvantage of the client/server arch itecture is that thither atomic number 18 septuple databases in the client/server environment, making the management and synchronising of the data divvy upd between them difficult.This also leads to a difficulty in softw atomic number 18 distribution and condition management program, as the agreement of rules is distributed. The cost of victuals may also increase because of the different networks creation inter-networked. P2P architecture Peer-to-peer or P2P architecture is another way of managing distributed applications. In this method, the individual pommels lay down similar and comparable with(predicate) roles, unlike the client/server arrangements. In this architecture, the nodes be given roles such that both can act as client and server. This fictional character of affiliation requires at least(prenominal) two computers connected to each other (Reid, 2004).In order to function correctly each node of the ashes should know the address of at least another node. Each node can without delay contact the other node of the system for use its resources, without going trough the server (Heathcote & Langfield, 2004) Advantages of P2P Architecture This type of communication exists since the time of old IBM PCs. The primary advantage of a P2P network is that it is fault tolerant and on that point is no single location for the fault. This means that the system works well even when collapseal of its components argon missing (Verma, 2004). in addition the combination of processing antecedent of quadruple nodes in a network greatly increases the faculty of the system in terms of combined processing power and storage when compared with a central server. P2P systems are hence exceedingly autonomous and can gear up anonymity. They can be generally deployed in an ad hoc system without requiring central management or control. Finally, unlike the client/server systems there is no destiny for a separate network operating system (Reid, 2004). Disad vantages of P2P Architecture The manageability of peer-to-peer systems is much harder, due to the extremely distributed nature of the system.Security is also not centrally controlled and the users read to remember different passwords for nettleing the resources located on different nodes on the network (Porter, 2006). Facilities such as easing are the responsibilities of the individual user unlike the client/server systems where the server can schedule them. This system works best for lesser number of systems in a network, usually under 10 (Reid, 2004). Part 2 The architecture of Mr. Robertsons shell network Network Architecture The architecture which I would hint for Mr. Robertsons home would be a peerto-peer network. at that place is no requisite for a client/server model in this case. Also no type of hub system is required, since the application is actually simple apology As is already explained in the section higher up, a peer-to peer network is used for ease of applicat ions without spare over lodge. The system works best for systems which having less than 10 systems. As Mr. Robertsons system uses besides two computers, the system is ideal for this purpose. In addition to this, the home network does not require the additional belt of a server so a arrant(a) peer-to-peer system, one without any server (Subramanian & Goodman, 2005), can be used.The application mainly used is the file share-out which can be easily done. Also for using the profits, there is no compulsion for the system to father simultaneous connections as is already mentioned in the fashion model. While, to around intents and purposes, a stainer application requires the use of a server so as to manage the mug request be sent from multiple systems, this is understandably not the case here. The network should guiltlessly sire the capability to receive crisscross jobs from both the systems a simultaneous operational capability is not genuinely required, as the application would not be also critical.In the worst case, the print job could be sour and given again. Finally, the use of a client server system would in addition to setting a server, also pick out additional components and software like an operating system, which is not required in this case, as there is no requisite for tasks like tryst resources, backups etc. Also, Mr Robertson gets the advantage of removing any of the two systems from the network at anytime, and the second component would work exclusively as well, as neither of the system is a server. Components for the home network In addition to the 2 computers and printers purchased by Mr.Robertson, he unavoidably precise a couple of(prenominal) components to get his system up an running. He would unavoidableness the origin modem, a twisted cable pair, media convertor for running the internet through cable, a splitter and a print partaker. in that location is no necessity for a hub for such a system, which is necessary o nly if there are more than than two computers on a network. The splitter would divide the internet connection to the two systems which will the function of the print sharer also. A wireless NIC or a fit out one can be used to share the network. Only single numbers of components, except the connecting cables, are needful because there are only two computers.Topology of the home network The figure above shows the basic topology of the network. As explained above, there is no need for a hub for just 2 systems. The printer can be connected either via a print sharer or the software can be used to do that by glide pathing the network. Here, each computer can access the network printer. In addition, the cable connection that comes can be split into two using a splitter. This type of networking requires basic minimum of components and can be used for connecting systems on a home network. This system is extendable to more than two systems.The only difference would be that in that case, a hub would be used between the two systems alternatively of just a cable. Also the cable type, which is twisted in this case, might be changed for more than two computer systems, because of load factors. In this case also, there will not be any necessity for a server, as the printer tasks will be shared, but not scheduled or managed by an external system. Part 3 The architecture of the local area network of BC Inc. Network Architecture For the companys LAN, a client server system is a must. There are only 16 systems, on the LAN would more than fulfil the application necessity.There are multiple applications needed for this system. There is the printer service which is multiple in numbers and locations. In addition, there is the obvious necessity for an netmail and blade server for the line of work applications. All this necessitates are need for the use of a client/server model. Justification In many of the situations given above the peer-to-peer network fails to fix any use. Fi rst and foremost is the number of systems. The P2P system is only suitable if the number of systems is less than 10, as mentioned earlier. Also it is not just the number of system that is a problem, since it is not a very wide network.Office applications as a rule need more features and functionality than a home based server, and so the load on the network contributed by each system is also a lot. In addition to this there is he additional necessity for security measure and backups as compared to the home networks. People usually prefer manual(a) backups on their home networks, but almost all the companies insist on having scheduled backups for the protection of data. In addition, the systems also need to have security updates with a controlled installation, which is not necessary for a home network, whose security necessities extend maximum to having a basic firewall.As in earlier case, due to data sensitivity, companies prefer to have all of these controlled rather than leaving it to the discretion of the spot employees. There is an obvious burden due to the higher(prenominal) cost of installation and maintenance of the system. But this is more than compensated by the quality of security and safety levels given by such a system. Also since, there are only 16 employees in the system, it is logical to have the email server as the same as the network server. This is also true(p) for the web server applications. However, here there is an assumption being taken.It is assumed that the company business is a small size, based on the number of hoi polloi working there. This may very well not be the case. In addition to this, the web disperse installation might be mandatory on an external system, because of security reasons. For instance, the company might not want its intranet lined with its webserver to provide more security. This case might necessitate the need for a separate web server, though for this report, a single sever is being considered for now. Ph ysical Components In addition to the computer systems and printers, the company needs many additional systems to specify a network.First and the most important of this is the server system, which needs be high ended, with high processing power and speed. This is that the system can easily act as a intranet server, a mail server, and also the web server. In addition to this a router is essential for connecting to the internet via the digital subscriber line modem. Also there are multiple numbers of cables, based on the systems connected to the network. Since the system is connected via the Ethernet here, the internet being a DSL based one the corresponding cables are also required.The printer is connected to the server, which takes care of the scheduling the print jobs. The other servers, as mentioned earlier are find out on the main server itself. The figure above shows the scheme of the connection diagram. The above diagram is a very simplistic way of representation of the accou ntability network. As mentioned above, the server would be greens from email and web applications, and also take care of the intra networking scheme. In addition, the various printers and DSL modem would be added to this server only.The server would need a network operating system and the main security firewalls and the protection schemes like the antivirus would be installed here. Ethernet would be the mode of interconnection in the network. The system can be extended when a unsanded web server is required, which is separate from the present server. There can be another server committed to the present one which would take care of the business related websites etc. The connection would be confine so that only the purchase related or feedback related information is passed to the main server, which would then channelize this information to the necessary client system.Conclusion In the report mentioned above, there were two types of networking architecture which were analysed. One was the client server architecture, which is one of the oldest networking schemes available. The system finds its use in complex networks having many systems, and necessity for multi-file sharing applications, common or shared database and also security. All these are provided by this system, which the case seen by the company example is being taken here.The operations are very complex with multi-printers and their multiple locations, the necessary for common access to the internet, and also the need for servers for websites and emails. Also the network needed security and will be needed managed access permission for files stored on the network. The restricted type of launching for a network is possible only for a client and server type of architecture, which is what was proposed for this case. The company being an accounting firm would also need internal data restrictions and security issues, which can only be tacked by this architecture.In contrast, the home networking system is a very simple operation, which needs to have a mere connection to the internet and the use of a printer. There are no constraints of security or access restrictions on this systems and the main application need is a basic file share operation. For such a system a basic, peer-to-peer architecture is sufficient. There is no need for hubs also as there are only two systems. The network does not need any server based system which is as well much of overkill here. Hence, using these two examples, the two types of networking architectures are explained here.