Scotch Irish Immigration essays

Scotch Irish Immigration essays Immigration into America has shaped and molded us into who we are today. Without groups such as the Scotch-Irish, English, Dutch, etc. America would not be the great melting pot that it has now become. Each of these cultures brought with them a sense of religion, culture and spirit. They took a chance to better themselves, leaving everything that was remotely comfortable in their life behind, bringing with One such group is the Scotch-Irish. The Scotch-Irish history begins with the Scots in the 1600s. By the end of 1600, Europe was at the end of the Renaissance, but Scotland had not taken part in the resurgence of learning and culture. It was still a primitive, wild country, one of the poorest in Europe. Poor soil and backward farming methods, frequent border wars with England, and the wildness of the isolated Highlanders had all contributed to Scotlands slow The colonization of Ulster began in the 17th Century. British monarchs had been trying unsuccessfully for hundreds of years to subdue Ireland, but it was not until 1603 that the Ulster Irish finally surrendered to the Englishman, Lord Mountjoy. In 1609, James I informed the Scots that they could participate in this colonization of Ulster. Many Scotsmen felt they could overcome their poverty and the fact that the landlords in Ireland were more willing to extend longer leases to farmers than the landlords in Scotland were willing to do (Leyburn). In 1717, the Great Migration commenced. The term Scotch-Irish originated in the mid-eighteenth century in America to distinguish the Ulster Presbyterian emigrants of Scottish ancestry from other Irish settlers in the colonies. It has been asserted that during that time frame approximately one-third the Presbyterian population of Ireland migrated to British North America (Jackson 61-62). The Jacobite Rebellions of 1715 and 1745 saw a great number of pe...

Schizophrenia Essays

Schizophrenia Essays Schizophrenia Essay Schizophrenia Essay If the phobias and depression are the common colds of psychological disorders, chronic schizophrenia is the cancer. About 1 in 100 people will develop schizophrenia, joining the millions who have suffered one of humanity’s most dreaded disorders. Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder, in which a person loses contact with reality by experiencing grossly irrational ideas and distorted perceptions. Schizophrenia typically first strikes during adolescence or young adulthood; it knows no national boundaries and it affects the two sexes about equally.This paper intent to: (1) understand what schizophrenia really is; (2) know causes of schizophrenia and; (2) aware how an individual can be schizophrenic.II. BackgroundA. Understanding Psychological DisorderImagine yourself living hundreds or thousands of years ago. How might you have accounted for the behavior of a James Oliver Huberty? To explain puzzling behavior, our ancestors often presumed that strange forces- the movements of sta rs, godlike powers, or evil sprits- were at work.   â€Å"The devil made him to do it,† you might have said. The cure might have been to get rid of the evil force- by exorcising the demon or even by chipping a hole in the skull to allow the evil spirit to escape. Until the last two centuries, â€Å"mad† people were sometimes caged in zoolike conditions or given â€Å"therapies† appropriate to a demon. Disordered people have been beaten, burned, and the clitoris cauterized. They have had their own blood removed and replaced with transfusions of animal blood (Farina, 2002).a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Medical PerspectiveIn response to such brutal treatment, reformers such as Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) in France insisted that madness was not demon possessed but a disease that, like other diseases, we could treat and cure. For Pinel, treatment meant boosting patients’ morale by talking with them and by providing humane living conditions. When it was later discove red that an infectious brain disease, syphilis, produced a particular psychological disorder, people came to believe in physical causes for disorders and to search for medical treatments.Today, Pinel’s medical perspective is familiar to us in the medical terminology of the mental health movement: A mental illness (also called a psychopathology) needs to be diagnosed on the basis of its symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital. In the 1800s, the assumption of this medical model- that psychological disorders are sicknesses- provided the impetus for much needed reform. The â€Å"sick† were unchained and hospitals replaced asylums.Equating psychological disorders with sickness does, however, have its critics, among them psychiatrist Thomas Szasz. Szasz believes that mental â€Å"illnesses† are socially, nor medically, defined. When, for many years, Soviet psychiatrists diagnosed dissident citizens as â€Å"psychotic, † they were using medical metaphors to disguise their contempt for these people’s political ideas. Szasz concludes that in North America, too, mental health practitioners have too much authority in today’s society. When they demean people with the label â€Å"mentally ill,† their parents may begin to view themselves as â€Å"sick† and therefore give up taking responsibility for coping with their problems. Many critics respond similarly to the idea that alcohol abuse, overeating, gambling, and sexual promiscuity are addictive diseases- purely uncontrollable compulsions that require sympathy and treatment. As we well see, labels can be self-fulfilling fables.Despite such criticisms, the medical perspective survives and even gains renewed credibility from recent discoveries. Genetically influenced abnormalities in brain chemistry have been linked with two of the most troubling psychological disorders, depression and schizophrenia, both of which are of ten treated medically.Those who accept Freud’s psychoanalytic perspective agree that psychological disorders are sicknesses that have diagnosable and treatable causes. However, they insist that these causes may include psychological of traumatic stress such as that caused by raped and combat.II. DiscussionA. Understanding the cause of SchizophreniaSchizophrenia is not only the most dreaded psychological disorder but also one of the most heavily researched. Some important new discoveries link schizophrenia with biological factors, such as brain abnormalities and genetic predispositions.Schizophrenia is one of the most heavily researched psychological disorders. Several factors have been proposed as causes of schizophrenia, from biochemical imbalances in the brain to faulty family relationships and socioeconomic environment. Although a great deal of interesting research has been carried out, to date no single factor has been isolated as the cause of schizophrenia.a)  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   Brain AbnormalitiesRecent advances in the measurement of brain structure and function have set the stage for comparing normal individuals with those suffering from schizophrenia. One brain-imaging technique, computer-assisted tomography, or CT scan, uses many low-energy X-rays of the living brain taken at a number of different points and integrated into pictures by a computer. Studies using this technique show that many individuals with schizophrenia have enlarged brain ventricles, compared to normal persons. Some researchers believe a link sexists between the enlarged ventricles and the lower frequency of alpha waves observed among individuals with schizophrenia.b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Genetic FactorsA popular line of research in recent years has been the search for a genetic link in schizophrenia. Several approaches to the study of genetic relationships have been used. Overall, results of this research are consistent with a genetic basis for the disorder. For example, identica l twins are more likely to share schizophrenic diagnoses than fraternal twins, whether the twins are reared apart or together. The greater the severity of schizophrenia, the more pronounced this relationship is. Furthermore, children whose parents both have schizophrenia are three times more likely to develop the disorder than are children with only one parent with schizophrenia, whether children are reared with their parents or not. Children who are reared by an adoptive parent with schizophrenia but whose biological parents are normal do not have higher rate of schizophrenia (Kestenbaum, 2001). The most convincing evidence for a genetic relationship comes from research showing a characteristic defect on chromosome 5 among family members who have some types of schizophrenia (Sherrington, 2000).Naturally, scientists wonder whether people inherit a predisposition to these brain abnormalities. The evidence strongly suggests that some do. The 100-to-1 odds against any person’s i s being diagnosed with Schizophrenia become 10-to-1 among those who have an afflicted identical twin. Although there are only a dozen such known cases, it appears that an identical twin of schizophrenia victim retains that 50-50 chance whether they are reared together or apart.Adoption studies confirm a genetic link (Gottesman, 2001). Children adopted by someone who develops schizophrenia are unlikely to â€Å"catch† the disorder. But adopted children do have an elevated risk if a biological parent is diagnosed with schizophrenia.The genetic contribution is beyond question. But the genetic role is not so straightforward is beyond question. But the genetic role is not as straightforward as the inheritance of eye color. After all, about half the twins who share identical genes with a schizophrenia victim do not develop the disorder. Thus, behavior geneticists Susan Nicol and Irving Gottesman (2001) conclude that some people â€Å"have a genetic predisposition to the disorder b ut that this predisposition by itself is not sufficient for the development of schizophrenia.†III. ConclusionSchizophrenia sufferers must not be condemned but need assistance from their love ones. The most common psychosis is schizophrenia, which usually appears first in childhood or adolescence. There are several types of schizophrenia, with symptoms ranging from excited and sometimes aggressive behavior to complete withdrawal into stupor. Contrary to popular belief, a schizophrenic does not have a â€Å"split personality†; this notion may have developed from the fact that episodes of the illness may be separated by periods of completely normal behavior. Many psychiatrists believe there is an organic basis for schizophrenia- that it is only partly psychogenic or not psychogenic at all- and that it may be hereditary.

A Blessing in Blood

A Blessing in Blood A Blessing in Blood A Blessing in Blood By Maeve Maddox The English words blessing and blood are closely related. Old English blod came from P.Gmc *blodam, a word that in a still earlier form may have meant to swell, gush, spurt, or that which bursts out. The English word blood has cognates in several other languages: German: Blut Dutch: bloed Swedish: blod Danish: blod Norwegian: blod Yiddish: blut Old English bletsia, bledsian, bloedsian, meant to consecrate, make holy, give thanks. The P.Gmc form of the word was *blothisojan, mark with blood. The word bless is unique to English. Originally used for the act of sprinkling a pagan altar with blood, the word was adopted by Christian translators to render into English Latin benedicere and Greek eulogein which had been used to translate Hebrew brk, to bend (the knee) in the act of worship. Towards the end of the OE period, bledsian took on the meaning make happy because of the words resemblance to OE blià °s, bliss, merriment, happiness, grace, favor. Bliss comes from a P.Gmc. word meaning gentle, kind, as does blithe. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Good At, Good In, and Good With50 Idioms About Roads and PathsHow Verbs Become Adjectives

LLB Law Of Evidence coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

LLB Law Of Evidence coursework - Essay Example On the other hand, the defendant can easily claim that they did not have knowledge of what was inside the package, but that the package contained other things, something hard for the prosecutor to rebut. The aim of this paper is to advise Jim who is appealing against his conviction for supply heroin based on evidential issues arising from the judge’s summing up. Discussion Ever since the effecting of Human Rights Act 1998, criminal evidence has become the most significant development due to various disputes under Article 6 which entails the right to a just trial against the application of a legal weight on the defendant to establish one or more particulars in the issue2. The fact that Jim is seeking a declaration that section 28(3) (b) (i) to be declared contrary to Human Rights Act 1998 as it infringes on his right to a just trial under Article 6 of European Convention on Human Rights 1950, he is placing the court with a question on whether it has the jurisdiction to consider appeal and, if it did, whether section 28(3) (b) (i) the Act was unsuited with his right to a just trial3. ... Therefore, in order to establish the defence under section 28(3) of the Act, Jim has to prove on the equilibrium of probabilities that he did not know that the box contained heroin4. The real apprehension is not if the defendant should disprove evidence but that the defendant may be convicted though a reasonable doubt subsists. In particular, the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 does not have a clear characterization of possession, and in section 37(3) it elaborates that an item which an individual has in his or her possession to include anything subject to his or her control, and which is in the guardianship of another person. Therefore, unless the item is in that individual control though still under care of another person, it cannot be categorized to be in the accused in this case Jim possession5. This then leads to what the directions the jury was given by the trial judge, and it is evident that though it was essential for the prosecution to establish that Jim knew that the box was in hi s control, it was not essential for the prosecution to establish that Jim knew that the item inside the box was a controlled drug. For this reason, then there would be the likelihood of an infringement in terms of presumption of innocence. This became evident in R v Edwards,6 whereby the defence was identified to have so closely associated with the mens rea principle and moral guilt that it derogated from presupposition to reassignment of legal burden to the defendant. Although subsections (2) with (3) of Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 define specifically of the defendant proving something, then this does not necessarily mean that in order to ascertain a defence then the defendant must essentially offer evidence. Thus, the essential evidence might arise such as from any varied

Personal World View Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Personal World View - Research Paper Example It also serves as an explanation and interpretation of the daily events of the world and how the explanation is applied to our daily lives (Bengtsson 41). The beliefs that one has about a given situation are the driving force to the world views that he will come up with. It is the beliefs that serve as evidence for the ways in which he interprets reality. Religious world views also cannot be the same as secular world views as they differ in terms of evidence and the point of argument. It is the world view that gives one confidence in everything he does an indication that they are able to judge their actions as being either right or wrong. It therefore gives one confidence and with it they can be able to defend their actions as they have specific rules that they cane respond to incase of an argument or confrontation. The world views are however different when it comes to dealing with different people hence the need to understand the difference that occurs in character among the people . This can therefore be affected by cultural and sexual orientations. The Christian world view focuses its arguments on the teachings of the bible and that God is the whole source of truth. Therefore understanding of God will enable an individual to be able to understand the purpose for the daily events in life. It is through God that we can be able to tell the absolute truth. However personal truth tends to overpower all the truth as it is a great determinant for ones actions in life. Most people regard the Christian world view as being the best for everyone as God is the teller and judge of absolute truth. Secular lives tend to carry with them several consequences including broken families, ineffective Christianity and devastating lives. It is through Christianity that we can be able to get hold of the best world view with which we can grow in our own commitment and truth. We can help others to grow in their own commitment and in telling and having the truth within their souls (Be ngtsson 8). This serves as a driving force behind your emotions, actions and the decisions made whether in a group or as an individual. This will in the end affect the way you respond to every situation in your daily life with reference to different topics of interest. The world view acts as the interpretive lenses through which you view and judge the events of the world. With the lenses you can be able to observe a wide range of perspectives or factors that affect the well being of an individual. In order to avoid conflict of interest, we should learn not to let our worldviews appear to be superior to others. My personal world view is that of God being the teacher and life is the school. Being a religious based world view, it therefore implies that life can serve as an institution where we are to try out things and see if they work through learning process. In a case where they do not work, we go ahead to correct them in order to be able to fir into the system. In life as individua ls we are exposed to various challenges from all the directions and it is upon us to be aware of how we can work them out. The society has rules and regulations that we have to adhere to whether or not they are in agreement with our personal world views. This is what is commonly experienced in the society as we tend to break most of the laws that have been set up just because they are not in agreement with what we consider v as right. This should also serve as a guiding principle among individuals when staying in the society and they have to be

Drugs & Crime- Internal Restraints Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Drugs & Crime- Internal Restraints - Assignment Example Self-acknowledgement acts as a cause of motivation for the individual trying to overcome the problem. In addition, motivation helps the patient to suppress the cravings for engaging in criminal behavior and drug use. Sharing the problem with other people also weakens the craving. Over a period, the individual will be able to deal with the urge systematically until they overcome the craving completely (Marlatt et al. 65). External cues are events and activities that exist within the environment of the affected individual. Certain stimuli in the surrounding of the patient can be associated with alternative stimuli (Marlatt et al. 276).The sights, sounds and smell formally associated with a craving to commit a crime or abuse drugs may imply danger. Locations previously associated with fulfillment as bars, houses where the crimes were committed or friends who took part may be subject to interpretation by the brain as a sign of danger. The individual may voluntarily desist from visiting such locations during

Mental health of women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Mental health of women - Essay Example Such people lack self-esteem and the meaning of life and may not want to participate in social activities. However, in both cases there are common signs such as insomnia, lack of appetite and deep sadness. Lachman highlights four ways of determining whether a person is affected by depression through the â€Å"four Ds†. The first is distress whereby a person’s mental state is significantly affected. The second is deviance whereby the person is regarded as having an abnormality by the society. The third is dysfunctional in the sense that the person cannot effectively participate in the day to day activities of the society. Dangerous is the fourth aspect whereby the person is no longer safe to the society and can also harm him/herself. Lachman insinuates that grieving people need to understand the four Ds to help them in self-evaluation thereby understanding if their grief is normal or it is the level of clinical depression. According to Lachman, grieving people undergo si x stages of loss. First, they undergo catastrophe and shock which is characterised by terror and disbelief. Thereafter they enter the stage of segregation and consciousness of loss whereby they are overcome by pain and sadness. The third stage is characterised by reconstruction of the mind and reduced sorrowfulness. This stage is followed by irregular periods of normal sadness, which is followed by the final stage of renewal whereby the person gets back to normal life with new a vision separate from the previous one in which the deceased was part of. Lachman suggests that feelings of remorse fade between one and three years as the grieving go through the six stages. One impediment to successful grieving highlighted by Lachman is the double whammy whereby the society tends to downplay the feelings of the grieving person.