Application Essays

Application Essays This master template can be used for short argumentative essays, long argumentative essays, complicated argumentative essays, and straightforward ones. It has additional sections to add more information, such as an extended background or an approach/methods section. Proponents of the five paragraph essay say that the body text should consist of three paragraphs, but in reality, it’s fine to write more or fewer paragraphs in this section. There is no firm rule that says an essay needs to have a set number of paragraphs, but an essay must be a minimum of three paragraphs. There are a lot of people who say an essay should be five paragraphs, but it’s an extremely limiting rule, and unless you’ve been instructed to write a five paragraph essay, there’s no reason to stick to it. About my achievements, I never made any achievements at state level. But in my schooling I got certificate in singing level competition. In college I got NSS certificate which I participated as volunteer in my 1st year of engineering. Hi Friends, my name is shivaji rao patil from Hyderabad. I parsuing my B-Tech in stream of computer science and engineering from nict college, xxx with aggregate 65%. I was raised in Bengalu and when I was 18 I moved to Hong Kong to take my university study. Last year I went to London to join the school's exchange program. During my exchange I went backpacking with other backpackers from all over the world to other countries across Europe. I think I have been fortunate enough to be able to live in different parts of the world and thus be able to broaden my horizon. A policy briefing usually includes an introduction but may conclude with a series of recommendations. Check your assignment carefully for any directions about what to include in your introduction or conclusion. If your essay deals with a contemporary problem, warn readers of the possible consequences of not attending to the problem. I have completed HSC from GURU BASAVA junior college with aggregate of 6% and SSC from Pratibha we. Most of the advice in this handout pertains to argumentative or exploratory academic essays. i referred this all things about how to attend interview for job purpose this is very useful to all the post graduate as well as under graduate students and also me. I am currently studying Finance and Economics at Hong Kong University. Be aware, however, that different genres have their own special expectations about beginnings and endings. Some academic genres may not even require an introduction or conclusion. An annotated bibliography, for example, typically provides neither. A book review may begin with a summary of the book and conclude with an overall assessment of it. Narrative essays are often the closest thing to pieces of journalism. If you master the narrative essay, then you are likely well on your way to being a successful journalist. How likely is that I will get into a school like Harvard? I have As and some high Bs in all of my classes I have over 100 hours of community service, a leadership role in a club, play varsity sports, and I did well on my PSATs (I haven't received my SAT scores yet). Also my financial background is that of lower income. After all, if the teacher is allocating 80 marks for content in total and you can see 50% of the mark relates to a certain part of the essay, then 50% of your essay’s words should be devoted to that section. Assuming five psychological effects have been identified, you can assume you’ll need to write five paragraphs if you are going to write a relatively in-depth essay. For example, if you are writing an essay on childhood development and exposure to technology, you will want to look into the physical, psychological and cognitive developmental effects of tech on kids. When you research this topic, you will find that there are contrasting points of view and researchers have identified several physical, developmental, and psychological effects of technology use in children. In its simplest form, an essay can consist of three paragraphs with one paragraph being devoted to each section.

The Dangers of Cigarette Smoking - 1040 Words

Cigarette smoking is a dangerous habit that most users regret starting on. Nowadays, smoking can cause health problems for any human. Whether or not cigarette smoking should be banned completely, has become an object of controversy in many countries. Some people think that smoking cigarettes are a helpful way to reduce stress for the moment. In my point of view, tobacco smoking has seriously negative effects such as smoking-related cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, cancer and it costs the user money that adds up quick depending on how frequently the user smokes. Smoking cigarette is dangerous in general while the government makes billions from taxing tobacco and it’s not a great choice for stress relief. Smoking cigarettes are†¦show more content†¦Tobacco before being legalized was not as horrible as cigarettes are today. Smoking does not have immediate side effects; it can be cigarettes or marijuana. Cigarettes will have those harmful health effects face the individual users sooner or later. For example if you are at a party or bar you can smoke couple cigarettes and couple joints and still drive home. But if you drink couple beers and take couple shots, do not bother getting up. Many users begin at a young age because most wanted to fit in or thought it was cool. At a party or bar scene it’s easier to ask a hot chick smoking for a lighter and start a conversation than to just randomly walk up and talk. Smoking is just an excuse to relax for five minutes at a time, to do nothing and just puff away. Smoke spots like hookah bars and places that allow vapored smoking indoors became more popular because of the trend. Most smokers are converting to e-cigs and vaporizers f or help with their process of quitting. These products are battery powered devices filled with a liquid form of nicotine dissolved in water. The smoke is vapored when inhaled and users get the same feeling out of it like cigarettes. Vapored smoke is not good but much better than actual cigarette smoke. The e-cigs lack instructions, warnings, and safe disposal methods. Several e-cig companies found their products cartridges leak that caused toxic exposure to nicotine. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Dangers Of Smoking Cigarettes786 Words   |  4 PagesDangers of Smoking Cigarettes are everywhere. They’re sold in almost every gas station, pharmaceutical store, and even ordinary grocery stores in the United States. Cigarettes have endorsements from celebrities, big tobacco companies, advertised on billboards, and through commercials. Smoking is a problem because it causes diseases which cost billions of dollars a year in healthcare. It is also the leading cause of diseases and deaths in the US. Smoking cigarettes is an unhealthy habit that unfortunelyRead MoreThe Dangers Of Cigarette Smoking Essay1669 Words   |  7 Pages People smoke cigarettes for various reasons. Some smoke only when they are drinking alcohol and others smoke regularly. The level of smoking among the regular smokers varies from individual to individual. There are those who smoke a cigarette or two during the day and their others who smoke at least a pack a day. How people start to smoke varies. The main entry point however is peer pressure. Many smokers came to be introduced to the habit at a young age in either high school or in college or toRead MoreThe Dangers Of Cigarette Smoking1417 Words   |  6 Pagesrisks of smoking (Doll 1998). Links between smoking and malignancy of the lip and mouth were made as early as 1795 (Sà ¶mmering), with more recent studies linking smoking with lung cancer and vascular disease (Doll 1950, Doyle 1962). Smoking was initially an accepted ‘social norm’ in society, viewed simply as a glamourous habit, with little attention paid to tobacco’s addictive nature (Cummings 2016). The concept of physical, and more so psychological, addiction in relation to cigarette smoking is a relativelyRead MoreThe Dangers Of Smoking Cigarette Smoking Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pagesbecome popular around the globe, such as cigarette, cigar, e-cigarette, and chewing tobacco. The origin of the tobacco plant was in North and South America where the American Indian utilized tobacco for religious and medical purposes. Later on, many forms of tobacco have been created and harmful substances have been integrated in. After world war 1, the use of cigarette became significantly notorious. Several decades later in 1964, the hazards of smoking cigarette became known to the public (Boston universityRead MoreA Study On Death Rates Essay1554 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing accompanied by Lagavulin 21 scotch or smoking a cigarette after a fulfilling dinner. Stress fallows everyone and ways to coping the pressure can be tremendous and dangerous to our health for example smoking of the cigarette. Smoking is a kind of reliance depending upon the opiate effect of nicotine on the brain and tangible framework. Cigarette smoke is tremendously hurtful to your health. There is no sheltered approach to smoke. Supplanting your cigarette with a stogie, channel, or hookah wouldRead MoreEssay On Cigarettes Should Be Banned707 Words   |  3 PagesIf you had the chance to save your own life, or even the lives of everyone around you, would you take it? Choosing to light another cigarette is choosing to commit another murder and taking another stab at your lungs. Smoking is the cause of one in five deaths each year in the United States alone. Since cigarettes can be considered a mass murder, they should be banned. They are dangerous to smokers and everybody around them, and that makes them vulnerable to secondhand smoke. Smokers are more proneRead MoreEffects of Banning Smoking Advertising Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Banning Smoking Advertising Cigarettes are some of the most abused drugs in the world and the effects associated with smoking have greatly influenced the intervention of health professionals concerning the legality of smoking advertisements. Ethical and legal issues have come up over the essence of restricting or completely banning cigarette advertising to reduce the number of affected individuals. Cigarettes have since time immemorial been established to cause a wide range of infectionsRead MoreElectronic Cigarettes Vs. Conventional Cigarettes928 Words   |  4 PagesAn e-cigarette is a device that some are using as their alternative to smoking a traditional cigarette. Using electronic cigarettes is commonly known to the younger demographic as â€Å"vaping†. The theory? It’s a stepping stone to ultimately stopping the addictive habit of smoking altogether; by offering an alternative that is supposedly less damaging in the long run. According to the National Institute Drug Abuse website (2015 ), the outer structure can either resemble a â€Å"traditional† cigarette orRead MoreTobacco And Its Effects On The American Economy968 Words   |  4 Pageshand-rolled a cigarette or stogie. On the normal, individuals smoked around 40 cigarettes a year. The principal business cigarettes were made in 1865 by Washington Duke on his 300-section of land ranch in Raleigh, North Carolina. His hand-rolled cigarettes were sold to warriors toward the end of the Civil War. It was not until James Bonsack concocted the cigarette-production machine in 1881 that cigarette smoking got to be broad. Bonsack s cigarette machine could make 120,000 cigarettes a day. He startedRead MoreThe Cipollone Vs. Liggett Group, Inc. Case Against Three Tobacco Companies749 Words   |  3 PagesCipollone, due to lung cancer. Mr. Cipollone claims that the tobacco companies had failed to inform his wife of the risks that came with smoking. The jury agreed that the tobacco companies had failed to warn smokers of the dangers prior to 1966. â€Å"The jury also found that Mrs. Cipollone had voluntarily and unreasonably encountered a known danger by smoking cigarettes and that this conduct by Mrs. Cipollone proximately caused her lung cancer and death† (CIPOLLONE v. LIGGETT GROUP, INC†). It was decided

The World Of Technology Young Adults - 1536 Words

NO THANKSGET THE APP World of technology Cynthia Sanchez Professor Greeley ENG 111 27 November 2015 The World of Technology: Young Adults In the 21st century technology has become such a big part of our society; it is so powerful because it affects everyone all over the world. For example, technology not only affects children and young adults in their workspace, such as in school or throughout their careers, but also in their day-to-day personal lives. In this day and age, because of the convenience which technology can provide, people have learned to become so dependent on technology to the extent that many of them cannot imagine their lives without it. For instance, nowadays it is very common to see people on their smart phones,†¦show more content†¦Also, technology may allow people to share information that others would not be able to receive if technology was not as advanced as it is today. Nowadays, you will find many people sleeping with their cell phones and laptops right besides them, almost as if these devices have become a key component in their lives. This is a disadvantage because, people are being too dependent on these types of technology, to the extent that they are becoming borderline obsessive, or in some cases very obsessive with technology. In past decades, it was not so common to see things like this. The fact is that technology is negatively impacting these co-dependent people today; the reality is as technology keeps advancing, it will only affect those dependent people even worse in the future. In Neil Postman’s fifth idea, and Mark Bauerlein’s article â€Å"Generation Text,† the expression of technology being harmful, and only getting worse is described in great detail. The dependence children and young adults have on technology today is quite astonishing. For instance, technology is now being seen â€Å"as part of a natural order of things,† which is controlling our lives more than it should, almost to the point where it is unhealthy (Postman, 5). Many young adults dislike listening to their parents when their parents try to limit their technology use; however, the fact of the matter is that these limits on technology use are â€Å"healthy† (Bauerlein,

Background and Needs of the Program Free Essays

Background and Needs of the Program Many adult educational programs exist for the undeserved populations, the programs offer an extensive variety of educational opportunities as well as personal benefits for the individuals who utilize the programs. Additionally the programs strives to enhance educational opportunities for the adults who may exist with challenges In reference to his or her education level, Income level, possesses a disability status, or resides in an unfavorable geographic location. It is not uncommon for foundations to primarily exist from the support of grants and private contributions. We will write a custom essay sample on Background and Needs of the Program or any similar topic only for you Order Now The JP Foundation, Inc. Not an exception to the previous statement. The following paragraphs will serve as documentation In reference to providing a background of The JP Foundation, Inc. To Include the organizations history, structure. Additionally, the following paragraphs will serve as documentation in reference to key characteristics of the program. The key characteristics will include the organizations primary activities and services. The latter paragraphs will serve as documentation in reference to the needs of the organizations program to Include diversity and how the organization will meet the needs with the assistance of grants. Organizational Background The JP Foundation, Inc. , founded in 1985 as a private not for profit organization. The organization maintains a website and individuals can view the foundations information itself. Org. The JP Foundation utilizes the organizations financial resources to assist the improvement of the library’s facilities, obtaining books, computers, and supports the library’s Center for Adult Learning. According to the foundations website, the foundations mission statements exists as simple, The JP Foundation’s mission â€Å"Is to provide the resources that enhance and enrich the Jacksonville Public Library’ Jacksonville Public Library, 2013, Para. ). The structure of the program falls under the City of Jacksonville, Florida. The mayor of Jacksonville oversees the program, however, guided by the board of trustees, city council members, and the board officers. Key Characteristics The Center of Adult Learning, an adult educational program offered by the JP Foundation, offer s adults free educational classes to individuals who may exists as educationally undeserved. The adult education classes assist students In four areas. The areas of Instruction consist of reading, math. Life skills. And English as a second language. The Center for Adult Learning will evaluate his or her educational needs ND reading levels. The Instructors will utilize a variety of tools for the facilitation of the classes. The instructors may use computers, audio, and video tapes for avenues for the students to receive Instruction. According to Jackals, â€Å"Center for Adult Learning first began providing reading instruction to adult learners in 1985. They currently offer small group and computer-assisted instruction in reading, math, pre GEED and English language skills to more than 800 adults annually’ (2009, Para. 2). The reading program at the Center for Adult Learning helps participants’ word abilities, phonics, and Increase participants’ vocabulary, Increase his or her reading comprehension, and spelling skills. According to Math, â€Å"adult learning and literacy is adverse ways. It impacts health, crime rates, employment and future generations† (2013, Para. 2). In reference to the math portion of the curriculum offered by the Center for Adult Learning, the center assists adult learners in everyday math skills in reference to balancing a checkbook, unit pricing, and using a calculator. Previously the primary emphasis in reference to adult education has existed in reference to how adults earn and improve adult literacy skills. â€Å"However, since today’s decisions are based on data, it is equally important for adult learners to develop and strengthen skills in mathematics, and for educators to identify what works best in developing those skills and create applications for adults† (U. S. Department of Education, 2013, Para. 1). In reference to life skills, the Center for Adult Learning offer skills for participants in reference to filling out applications for employment, filling out other general forms, a driver license, and election ballots. Life skills exists as the everyday skills that an individual need to possess where he or she can â€Å"successfully live in today’s world. These include knowing how to work at a Job and be part of a team, manage money, manage time, live as part of a family and learning effective communication skills† (Areas, 2013, Para. ) . The fourth area the Center for Adult Learning offer skills for participants exists as English as a second language. The Center for Adult Learning offers English as a second language to individuals where he or she can communicate in English. This course will assist participants in reference to improving his or hers pronunciation, reading, and conversation in small groups. However, the Center of Adult Learning only offers assistance to i ndividuals who speak Spanish. According to the United States Department of Education, â€Å"adult English Language programs are designed to help immigrants and others who have not yet developed proficiency in English to acquire the basic knowledge and skills they need to function effectively as parent’s, workers, and citizens† (2013, Para. 1). Needs of the Program The needs of the adult education program exists as vast. However, the key need exists as financial. The mayor of Jacksonville, recently announced the funding for the city library will decrease by $2. Million dollars for the fiscal year 2014. As a part of the $2. Million budget cut, the funding for materials will also decrease by $173,370 for materials. Additionally, the budget cuts will eliminate 33 full-time positions. The budget cuts will have an adverse effect on the instructors and materials for the Center for Adult Learning. As a part of the budget cuts, no library will remain open Sundays, six branches will close, and the remaining l ibraries will remain open for a 40-hour week Jacksonville Public Library, 2013). A financial need exists in reference to, private funding and grants because of the budget cutbacks in the Jacksonville public library system and the Center for Adult Learning. Where the program can exists as beneficial to the most residents of Devalue County the Center for Adult Learning needs to possess extended hours of operation, have current materials, and have qualified instructor to teach the classes. Currently the Center for Adult Learning hours of operation exists as Monday and Thursday 10:00 a. M. – 6:00 p. M. ; Tuesday and Wednesday from 1 1 a. M. – 7:00 p. M. , and on Fridays 10:00 a. M. – 4:00 p. M. The abbreviated hours of operation exists as difficult to maintain an effective adult learning program. Additionally, the program employs two full-time instructors one of the full-time instructor and two of the part instructors. To run an effective adult education program for a city with over a million residents the Center for adult learning needs to employ more than one full-time and one part-time instructor. According to the National Adult Literacy Survey, â€Å"more than 150,000 adults in Devalue County read below the 5th grade level – nearly 20% of our total population† (2013, Para. 1). Finally, the Center for Adult Learning possesses a mere four computers for students to use. The computers exists as outdated, the computers operate on a Windows 98 base operating system. A need exists to purchase additional personal computers with 21st century technology. If the Center for Adult Learning were to receive grants or private contributions, the program could exists as a more diversified program to expand to languages beyond Spanish. The Center for Adult Learning could employ additional instructors and purchase up-to- date computers to further advance the program. Conclusion The preceding paragraphs serves as documentation in reference to providing a background of the Center of Adult Learning through the JP Foundation. The background will include the organizational history and structure. Additionally, the preceding paragraphs serves as documentation to providing key characteristics of the program. For the Center of Adult Learning the key characteristics exists as, reading skills, basic math skills, basic life skills, and English as a second language. The latter paragraphs will serve as documentation in reference to the needs of the program and advised how the program would branch out to additional languages and purchase up-to-date technology and materials. References Areas, S. (2013). How to cite Background and Needs of the Program, Papers

hristmas carol Essay Example For Students

?hristmas carol Essay A Christmas Carol was set in 1843. The story was written by Charles Dickens and shows what poverty was really like. It shows the gap between the working and upper class and how wide the gap really was between them. For example, diets were very different between the two classes. Working class would be eating bread, butter and meat, as the upper class were eating fresh fruit and vegetables and also fresh meat. Charles Dickens felt very strongly about the poverty gap as you can tell in his writing. He uses Scrooge to mention the work-houses and prisons. Scrooge is a wealthy man and believes workhouses and prisons should be used and kept in poor conditions. Dickens does this to show have the poor had been exploited by the rich. It shows the rich didnt pay workers a lot of money so there was a lack of social mobility. The poor couldnt get enough money and were forced into poverty, but the rich didnt help. Dickens uses the story as a tool to show how the poor were treated in hope it would help them. However in the 1843 Christmas was the season of good will; the rich would give money for the poor. Yet, Scrooge doesnt change like everyone else for Christmas so he stands out. This helps compare what people were like when it wasnt Christmas to when Christmas came with free will. In stave one, we meet Scrooge. Dickens uses many adjective to describe Scrooge. He writes he was a tight-fisted hand at the grindstone, Scrooge! A squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner! From this we can infer that scrooge is a violent, sad, old man who keeps himself to himself. We can see this because all the words used to describe Scrooge all relate to negative descriptions, such as violent, pulling, tight and self conflict. It is important to get a good description. Because it helps the readers keep an image in their mind, thus engaging them. Another way Scrooge is described by Dickens is by being compared to cold weather. An example of this is, The cold within him froze his old features. From this we can infer that Scrooge always has a straight, gloomy cold face. Charles Dickens uses this to help us create the image that hes never happy and this is because of the coldness within him. Dickens also uses similes to describe Scrooge . One simile is hard and sharp as flint! Flint is a hard piece of stone used to make sparks therefore this tells us that Scrooge can be stubborn at times and hasnt got a lot of patients. We can see this as hard can be associated with stubborn. Also, sparks could be associated with angry, his could get angry very easily also showing he hasnt got a lot of patients. These Descriptions give us a negative description of scrooge making sure the reader gets the right impression. It also tells us Scrooge isnt a nice man and doesnt like to help other (those in poverty). Here Dickens is giving us an example of why people were in poverty, because people like Scrooge, the wealthy, didnt help those in need. In stave two Charles Dickens uses different methods to show his concerns of the 1843. One way of this is through characters. An example of this is Scrooges ex-fianci e Belle. She left him because of his obsession with money; we know this because in the story Belle says our contract is an old one. It was made then we were both poor and content to be so, until, in good season, we could improve out worldly fortune by out patient industry. You are changed. When it was made you were another man. This is a good example of how the working and upper classes split apart and how the big poverty gap began. It also shows how Scrooge became a lonely old man, due to an obsession with money, as he pushed everyone away. This also suggests how poverty became so bad as to succeed like Scrooge, you also have to work hard and be greedy, subsequently pushing people away. Another way dickens shows his concerns is through the settings. An Open Life By Joseph Campbell EssayIron, old rags, bottle, bones, and greasy offal. The shop is also described as having secrets that few would like to scrutinise were bred and hidden in the mountains of unseemly rags, masses of corrupted fat, and sepulchres of bones. Dickens uses this to show his concerns of poverty and not just families are stuck and unable to get out but, also elderly people who are too unhealthy to do jobs, so they find it hard to get a good job. Scrooge is also shown three people selling a dead mans objects to the shop. They dont believe it is a sin to steal these things from him though, they use the excuse, its a judgement on him. They think this because the old man didnt treat people nicely, when he was alive, so he shouldnt be treated nicely now he is dead. This engages the reader as they see the consequences of actions as Scrooge did, showing them you reap what you sow, one of the morals Dickens portrays. The ghost also shows us how people felt about Scrooge, as Scrooges gravestone was described as a place, over run by grass and weed. And also used the sarcasm of, a worthy place. From this we can infer no one cared for Scrooge compared to Tiny Tim whose grave is shown as, how green a place it is. This links back to Dickens moral, you reap what you sow, engaging the reader as it shows how your actions can have consequences as Scrooge is starting to see. Stave five shows how Scrooge changes after seeing all three ghosts. Dickens shows us he is at home and is happy about it as she uses repetition in his description. The bedpost was his own. The bed was his own, the room was his own. Best and happiest of all the time before him was his own, to make amends in. from this we infer Scrooge does want to change and does want to help others and be a nicer person as he appreciates what he has. This also links to poverty as Dickens using Scrooge as a means to show how people can help others. As on of the thing scrooge does to help, is to help Bob and Tim Cratchit. Dickens also uses humour to engage the reader as he tricks Bob into thinking hes in trouble, Scrooge says. I am not going to stand for this sort of thing any longer. And therefore, he continued, leaping from his stool, and giving Bob such a dig in the waistcoat that he staggered back into the tank again and therefore I am about to raise your salary! This add humour to the story engaging the reader and making sure the ending isnt going to be disappointing to them. Also shows how he thinks poverty should be stopped as we see Scrooge giving Bob a raise in his salary to help his family. Dickens uses A Christmas Carol to show the poverty of the 1843 and how it could be changed if people change. It shows this with Tiny Tim, because if Scrooge didnt help him he would have died. He also uses A Christmas Carol to show morals and what your actions can do to you. The moral I have found by reading this story is you reap what you sow. This means you should treat people how you would like to be treated. Dickens shows this through the character Scrooge as, at the beginning of story, he treated people rudely saying things like if they would rather die, then they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population. Scrooge changes after seeing how he would be treated when he dies; he didnt like it. Dickens uses this moral to engage the reader and show them what would happen if you acted like Scrooge did before he changed.

The Feminist Movement in America free essay sample

The feminist movement in America of 60’s Maintenance: Introdaction The reasons of occurrence of the second wave of feminism in the beginning of 60’s Prominent features and differences of feminism of a new wave » Movement for the rights of women and female liberation movement Legal victories Timeline of key events View on Popular Culture The conclusion Literature Introduction. Feminism (fr. Feminisme, from an armour. Femina woman) in wide sense aspiration to equality of women with men in all spheres of a life of a society, in narrow sense – a womens movement which purpose is elimination of discrimination of women and equality of their rights with men. It is possible to name a synonym the term â€Å"emancipation of women†. Emancipation (lat. -emancipatio) Romans were designated by clearing from under the fatherly power. From here there was a general value-clearing from dependence and restriction. Feminist movement has long history which can be divided into two basic periods. We will write a custom essay sample on The Feminist Movement in America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first is a so-called feminism of the first wave or old feminism (end Ð ¥VIII – first third Ð ¥Ã ¥ centuries). At the heart of its ideology liberal doctrine about equality of the rights of citizens lay, the basic direction was sufragism– struggle for political equality of women. It has stopped the existence after its basic mission, and in the majority of the developed countries of the woman has been executed have received a vote on parliamentary elections. The second wave of feminism, neofeminism, has risen on a wave of the left movements of the end of 1960th. Owing to it in neofeminism except the liberal direction continuing traditions of old feminism, the strong radical current is allocated. This feminism proclaims unity of interests of all women and necessity of their incorporated struggle against mans domination not only in sphere public, but also sphere of a private life. Some researchers allocate also the third wave of feminism (from the beginning 1990th) which is characterized by attention strengthening to theoretical questions, carrying over of the analysis of problems from a social and economic plane on philosophical level. Now the feminism remains the considerable social movement which has reached of the greatest successes in the field of culture. In the centre of attention of feminism in its forms there is a remaining gender inequality of women. 1. The reasons of occurrence of the second wave of feminism in the beginning of 60’s The success of sufragism has for a while suspended the general development female political movement, which was four decades subsequent almost in a hibernation condition. But, despite all achievements of feminism, still in all spheres of a life, men predominated. It has appeared that equality on a paper insufficiently, it was necessary to change the relation to the woman and in consciousness of people. Awakening or â€Å"female revival† has begun in 60’s years. Its epicenter of a steel of the USA, where exactly these years observed activisation of the democratic processes directed on liquidation of various forms of discrimination, and first of all racism. The womens movement has found new, frequently radical forms, that has found reflexion in its name – â€Å"female liberation movement† (Women’s liberation). The phrase Women’s Liberation was first used in the United States in 1964 and first appeared in print in 1966. By 1968, although the term Women’s Liberation Front appeared in the magazine Ramparts, it was starting to refer to the whole women’s movement. The new wave of struggle for emancipation has been caused by structural changes in society and, first of all, substantial growth of a share of female work in a social production. So, to 1960, in the USA women made more than one third of manpower of the country, thus 54 % of workers of women were married, and 33 % had children that testifies to the business factors inducing women to join in a public industrial practice. With acquisition of experience of women’s political activity it was steel and more self-assured, in the forces. The impression is made that modern movement for clearing of women went a similar way. At its initial stage struggle for success the same specific goals – such as the right to abortion, the divorce right, legal prosecution of tyrants and the men beating the wives was developed. Option was a keyword: women aspired to dispose of their own life and, first of all – own body. The labour market became one more important field of activity of a womens movement at the present stage. Here struggle of women is conducted for the right to work reception, equality an advancement of possibilities on the career steps, equal paymen t for equal work. Thus, the feminism causes essential and irreversible changes in a life of the woman in all that concerns its social status, its sexual functioning, its place in a society. These processes make considerable impact on consciousness growth, both women, and men. 2. Prominent features and differences of feminism of a new wave » Feminist movement of 60’s and the beginnings of 70’s has received a little extravagant colouring, being shown in causing, even shocking traditionally adjusted the public by unusual slogans, forms of expression of the protest. Aspiring to awakening female consciousness, to clearing of public opinion of inertia patriarch the focused moral installations, feminists used, for example, receptions of the vulgar theatre†. In leaflets arisen in 1968Ð ³. To the American organisation under the scandalous name Witch it was told: â€Å"Everything that is repressive, has exclusively mans orientation, enviously, is noted by Puritanism and authoritativeness, should become a target of your criticism. Your weapon – your boundless fine imagination. Your force proceeds from you as from women, and it repeatedly amplifies from teamwork with your sisters. Your debt – to release your brothers (they want it or not) and from stereotypes of sexual roles†. The feminism, as well as any other political movement, could not avoid radicalism, leftism as some kind of illnesses of growth. Time, that sends a maturity of estimations, moderation and suspension of actions, at last, theoretical validity Was required. It was promoted substantially by creation of a network of so-called female researches (women’s studies), called simultaneously to conduct educational work and to bring the scientific base under movement for clearing of women. Female researches became an integral part of curriculums of many universities, there were many specialised research centres. 3. Movement for the rights of women and female liberation movement The second branch of movement –  «radical, left, often socialist feminism which denied idea of equality with men. In its frameworks was considered that political reforms never will release women, the main accent should be made on women, instead of on the state. The movement purpose – to change a way of thought and action, to overestimate a female essence, instead of to adapt the woman for ans values » Participants of this movement considered that women as group have the specific interests, which they should struggle together, irrespective of social or a racial accessory. Personal changes became the basic arena of struggle. This branch of movement operated more at local level. According to its participants, change of a society of the woman should begin with itself. This branch w ith-stood from set of groups (so-called  «groups of awakening of consciousness »), in which were not the leader and accurate structure. A little later, within the limits of it direction, the crisis centers for victims of rape, shelters for the wives suffering violence in a family, medical clinics, the female centers, the public co-operative societies, the centers for rendering of legal services, services on employment, female cafes and restaurants, female theatrical groups, art galleries,  «emancipating schools », bookshops, shops on sale of craft products and a network of female researches » have been created. The new womens movement has affected programs of almost all parties in the western countries. Left parties have appeared the most susceptible to feministic ideas. Many members of feminist movement became members of the left and green parties. Besides, in the majority of the countries the institutes which are taking up the problems of women (committees of the equal status, the ministry of affairs of women, etc. ) have been created. Though the majority of feminists and today specify in remaining problems and the discrimination facts, position of women in the West is real has changed very strongly. Women actively participate in various social movements and institutes; the female political representation has sharply increased in 1980th, especially in the Scandinavian countries where women have received to one third of places in parliament. 4. Legal victories Amongst the most significant legal victories of the movement after the formation of NOW were a 1967 Executive Order extending full Affirmative Action rights to women, Title IX and the Womens Educational Equity Act (1972 and 1975, educational equality), Title X (1970, health and family planning), the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (1974), the Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, the illegalization of marital rape and the legalization of no-fault divorce in all states, a 1975 law requiring the U. S. Military Academies to admit women, and many Supreme Court cases, perhaps most notably, Reed v. Reed of 1971 and Roe v. Wade of 1973. However, the changing of the social attitudes towards women are usually considered the greatest success of the womens movement. _5. Timeline of key events_ The rise of the second-wave 1953 The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir (1949) translated from French to English Late 1950s Awareness rises that many women are disgruntled by their status in society and their inability to hold successful careers or achieve equality. 1960 The Food and Drug Administration approves combined oral contraceptive pills. They are made available in 1961. 1961 President Kennedy makes womens rights a key issue of the New Frontier, and names women (such as Esther Peterson) to many high-ranking posts in his administration. 50,000 women in 60 cities, mobilized by Women Strike for Peace, protest above ground testing of nuclear bombs and tainted milk. Helen Gurley Brown writes Sex and the Single Girl. 1963 The Commissions report finds discrimination against women in every aspect of American life and outlines plans to achieve equality. Specific recommendations for women in the workplace include fair hiring practices, paid maternity leave, and affordable childcare. Twenty years after it is first proposed, the Equal Pay Act establishes equality of pay for men and women performing equal work. However, it does not cover domestics, agricultural workers, executives, administrators or professionals. Betty Friedans The Feminine Mystique is published, becomes a best-seller, and lays the groundwork for the feminist movement. Alice Rossi presents Equality Between the Sexes: An Immodest Proposal at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences conference. 964 Title XII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 bars employment discrimination on account of sex, race, etc. by private employers, employment agencies, and unions. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is established; in its first five years, 50,000 complaints of gender discrimination are received. 1965 Casey Hayden and Mary King circulate a memo about sexism in Civil Rights Movement. The Supreme Court case Griswold v. Connecticut strikes down the only remaining state law banning the use of contraceptives by married couples. The case Weeks v. Southern Belle marks a major triumph in the fight against restrictive labor laws and company regulations on the hours and conditions of women’s work, opening many previously male-only jobs to women. The Woman Question is raised for the first time at a Students for Democratic Society (SDS) conference. EEOC commissioners are appointed to enforce the Civil Rights Act. Among them there is only one woman, Aileen Hernandez, a future president of NOW. The Time Is NOW 1966 Twenty-eight women, among them Betty Friedan, found the National Organization for Women (NOW) to function as a civil rights organization for women. Betty Friedan becomes its first president. The group is the largest womens group in the U. S. and pursues its goals through extensive legislative lobbying, litigation, and public demonstrations. 1967 Executive Order 11375 expands President Johnsons 1965 affirmative action policy to cover discrimination based on sex, resulting in federal agencies and contractors taking active measures to ensure that all women as well as minorities have access to educational and employment opportunities equal to white males. Women’s liberation groups begin springing up all over the nation. NOW begins petitioning the EEOC to end sex-segregated want ads and adopts a Bill of Rights for Women. Senator Eugene McCarthy introduces the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in the US Senate. New York Radical Women is formed by Shulamith Firestone and Pam Allen. Anne Koedt organizes consciousness raising groups. The National Welfare Rights Organization is formed. From Miss America protests to revolution 1968 Robin Morgan leads members of New York Radical Women to protest the Miss America Pageant of 1968, which they decried as sexist and racist. The first national womens liberation conference is held in Lake Villa, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois. The National Abortion Rights Action League (NARAL) is founded by Betty Friedan and others. Coretta Scott King assumes leadership of the African-American Civil Rights Movement following the death of her husband, and expands the movements platform to include womens rights. Shirley Chisholm is elected to the United States Congress that same year, the first black congresswoman. The EEOC rules sex-segregated help wanted ads in newspapers illegal, a ruling which is upheld in 1973 by the Supreme Court. Women now are able to apply for higher-paying jobs previously opened only to men. New York feminists bury a dummy of Traditional Womanhood at the all-womens Jeanette Rankin Brigade demonstration against the Vietnam War in Washington, D. C. For the first time, feminists use the slogan Sisterhood is Powerful. The first public speakout against abortion laws is held in New York City. Notes from the First Year, a womens liberation theoretical journal, is published by the New York Radical Women. NOW celebrates Mothers Day with the slogan Rights, Not Roses. Mary Daly, professor of theology at Boston College, publishes a scathing criticism of the Catholic Churchs view and treatment of women entitled The Church and the Second Sex. 1969 The radical organization, Redstockings, organizes. Members of Redstockings disrupt a hearing on abortion laws of the New York Legislature when the panel of witnesses turns out to be 14 men and a nun. The groups demands repeal, not reform, of abortion laws. Redstockings popularizes slogans such as Sisterhood is Powerful, and The Personal is Political which become buzzwords of the feminist movement. California adopts a no fault divorce law which allows couples to divorce by mutual consent. It is the first state to do so; by 1985 every state has adopted a similar law. Legislation is also passed regarding equal division of common property. _6. _View on Popular Culture This wave of feminism helped to educate women and allowed them to see their personal lives as politicized and reflective of the sexist structure of power seen throughout society. â€Å"One project of second wave feminism was to create ‘positive’ images of women, to act as a counterweight to the dominant images circulating in popular culture and to raise women’s consciousness of their oppressions. Feminists during the movement viewed popular culture as just another example of gender equalities that tried to prove the idea that woman are classified into false images of how they should act and the roles they should play. They believed that the mass media was influencing women to act in certain ways. Artist Helen Reddy’s song â€Å"I Am Woman† played a large role in popular culture and became the feminist anthem; Reddy came to be known as a feminist poster girl or a feminist icon. Throughout second wave feminism other organizations started to form, such as the NOW and different black organizations emerged. {draw:frame} The conclusion Influence of political, economic, social changes on position of women was very inconsistent. Traditionally the woman erected to a pedestal, saw its role mainly in creation and preservation of the family centre, in education of children. But it did not prevent to use female work on a laborious work and to shut eyes to an inequality in wages of men and women. When the requirement for a labour has increased, women have recruited ranks of hired workers. And it besides that long time the married woman could not own the property, sign contracts on its own behalf and even to dispose of own wages. Centuries before in the developed countries of Europe and America the equal rights of citizens irrespective of a floor (in the USA – in 1920Ð ³ have been proclaimed were required. ). The society began to depart gradually from a rigid binding of those or other economic and behavioural norms on the basis of a floor, from traditional concepts about constructed on the gender factor of division of house, parental duties and labour activity out of door. Feministic ideas, in my opinion, and keep today the urgency. Let women have already achieved much, but original equality in a society is not carried out yet. Still in the politician and economy men predominate, with doubt concern progressive, business women. On a paper laws proclaim equality, and in practice old, patriarchal foundations in a family prevail, the man still considers itself as the owner in the house and in a society.

The Chinese Culture essays

The Chinese Culture essays China, also known as the Peoples Republic of China (Zhong hua Ren Min Gong He Guo), is the worlds largest country by population. China contains more than 1/5 of the worlds population. China has 1.3 billion people with a landmass only about the same size as the United States. Now one of the worlds stronger countries, the Chinese culture has steadily grown while adapting to mankinds new cultural developments. Chinas current rate of development is a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate of 8% and an industrial growth rate of 12.6%. The Chinese government anticipates an increased growth rate over the next four years because of its selection by the Olympic Committee to host the 2008 Summer Olympics. Chinese characteristics are similar to other eastern Asians. Usually born with black hair, Chinese hair color will rarely vary by more than lightening to a dark brown. Their skin is light brown; however, other people often consider the skin color as yellow. The average height of a Chinese is relatively short compared to the average Caucasian. Hairstyles can vary, and like many developed countries, people change and cut their hair according to what looks good. Often in the 1990's, students who attended local schools chose to cut their hair into a buzz cut, short spiky hair. Jewelry is also very common. Chinese people wear jewelry on their ears and necklaces according to preference. Chinese often wear jewelry as a sign of wealth; however, many people living in China do not make enough money to buy jewelry. Traditional clothing is one of the main aspects of the Chinese culture. The most famous traditional fashion in China, the cheongsam, which also means, long dress has been adopted by foreigners. Chinese prefer to call their long dress a qipao. The qipao has a high neck, closed collar, and buttons on the right side. The qipao is famous because it is simple, charming, and neat. Chinese ...